• glossary
• references

Raising the Issue of Smoking

for the dental team

• Introduction
• Brief Intervention What and Why?
• Brief Intervention the Process
• Smoking and Health
• Referral to Specialist Services
• What's Next

References

• 1. 2010 Smoking Cessation Guide. Health Scotland and ASH Scotland. A guide to smoking cessation in Scotland. Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland (2010). Available from:
  http://www.healthscotland.com/documents/4661.aspx
• 2. Taulbut, M. Gordon, D and McKenzie, K. Tobacco smoking in Scotland: an epidemiology briefing. [Online]. Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland and Scottish Public Health Observatory. 2008. Available from:
  http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/09/01114213/0
• 3. Doll, R., Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observation on male British doctors. BMJ, 1994. 309: p. 901-911. Available from:
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7755693
• 4. Scottish Government. Scotland's People - Annual report: results from 2007/2008 Scottish Household Survey. 2009. [Online]. Available from:
  http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/09/01114213/0
• 5. West R, McNeill A and Raw M (2000) 'Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: an update.' Thorax 55(2):987-99
  
• 6. Stead LF, Bergson G, Lancaster T. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000165. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000165.pub3.)
  
• 7. British Heart Foundation. Smoking and your heart [online] (2009). Available from:
  http://www.bhf.org.uk/publications/view_publication.aspx?ps=1000947
• 8. British Medical Association. Breaking the cycle of children's exposure to tobacco smoke. 2007. Available from:
  http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/09/01114213/0
• 9. Abreu-Villaca Y, Seidler FJ, Tate CA, Slotkin TA (2003) Nicotine is a neurotoxin in the adolescent brain: critical periods, patterns of exposure, regional selectivity, and dose thresholds for macromolecular alterations. Brain Res 979:114-128. Available from:
  http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/309/6959/901
• 10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004 Available from:
  http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.htm
• 11. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General [online] (2006). Available from:
  http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke
• 12. US Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: Lung cancer and other disorders. Smoking and tobacco control monographs No. 4 (NIH Publication No 93-3605). Bethesda, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services [online] (1993). Available from:
  http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/eimscomm.getfile?p_download_id=36793
• 13. Otsuka R., Watanabe H., Hirata K., Tokai K, Muro T., Yoshiyama M., Takeuchi K. and Yoshikawa J. Acute effects of passive smoking on the coronary circulation of healthy young adults. Journal of the American Medical Association [online] 286(4), 436-441, (2001). Available from British Medical Association. Breaking the cycle of children's exposure to tobacco smoke. 2007. Available from:
  http://www.jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/286/4/436
• 14. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 1990.
  http://www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/smokingreproductivelife
• 15. Health Scotland, ISD Scotland and ASH Scotland. An atlas of tobacco smoking in Scotland: A report presenting estimated smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths within Scotland. [Online]. NHS Scotland/Scottish Public Health Observatory. 2007. Available from:
  http://www.scotpho.org.uk/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.asp?lID=3907&sID=3256
• 16. Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance use Survey (SALSUS) National Report: Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among 13 and 15 year olds in Scotland in 2008. [Online]. Edinburgh: Drug Misuse Information Scotland. Available from:
  http://www.drugmisuse.isdscotland.org/publications/abstracts/salsus.htm [accessed 05 September 2008]
• 17. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Volume 26, Issue 4, October 2003, Pages 341-347 'Smoking Cessation Strategies in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: An Evidence-based Approach' S.D. Hobbs, A.W. Bradbury.
  
• 18. Royal College of Physicians. Nicotine addiction in Britain. A report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians, London: Royal College of Physicians, 2000.
  http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/books/nicotine/index.htm
• 19. Warner KE. Tobacco harm reduction: promise and perils. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002;4 Suppl 2:S61-71. Available from:
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12580158
• 20. Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health (SCOTH). Secondhand smoke: review of the evidence since 1998. Update of evidence on health effects of secondhand smoke. [online] London: Department of Health, 2004. Available from:
  http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/scoth/PDFS/scothnov2004.pdf
• 21. Gold DR, Wang X, Wypij D, Speizer FE, Ware JH, Dockery DW. Effects of cigarette smoking on lung function in adolescent boys and girls. N Engl J Med 335:931-937 (1996).From: Teen smoking, field cancerization, and a "critical period" hypothesis for lung cancer susceptibility. Environ Health Perspect. 2002 June; 110(6): 555-558. Available from:
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240869/
• 22. British Medical Association. The Human Cost of Tobacco. London: British Medical Association [online] (2004). Available from:
  http://www.bma.org.uk/health_promotion_ethics/tobacco/humancosttobacco.jsp
• 23. Fielding, JE. and Phenow, KJ. Health effects of involuntary smoking. New England Journal of Medicine [online] 319(22), 1452-1460, (1988). Available from:
  http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/brief/319/22/1452
• 24. Gillespie J et al. Secondhand smoke in New Zealand homes and cars: exposure, attitudes, and behaviours in 2004. New Zealand Medical Journal. 2005 Dec 16;118(1227):U1782.
  http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/76169/0019732.pdf
• 25. Scottish Executive. The Scottish Health Survey 2003. Volume 3: Children. [online] (2005). Available from:
  http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/76169/0019732.pdf
• 26. Lancaster T, Stead LF. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD000165. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000165.pub2.
  
• 27. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, May 2001
  http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD000146/frame.html
• 28. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin. Vol 38 no.10 Oct. 2000